Protein domains are distinct functional and/or structural parts of proteins that are conserved in many proteins. Such protein domains are responsible for the interactions or functions of the protein [1]. Protein domains can be studied using software programs such as PFAM and SMART.
What is the protein domain in the NKX2-5 protein?
The NKX2-5 gene encodes a special type of DNA-binding protein called a transcription factor. The NKX2-5 transcription factor is unique in that it has only one known protein domain, a HOX or homeodomain. This homeodomain on the NKX2-5 transcription factor is what allows this protein to bind to and control the activity of other genes that are implicated in formation of the heart [2].
The NKX2-5 Homeodomain
PFAM Results
SMART Results
PFAM does not clearly detect domains of NKX2-5
The NKX2-5 gene contains a HOX or homeodomain which leads to the DNA-binding region of the transcription factor protein.
Conservation of the HOX domain in NKX2-5
The HOX or homeodomain found in the NKX2-5 gene is conserved in several model organisms.